Thelyphonidae is the sole family in the Thelyphonida order of arachnids.

These arachnids can reach a length of 18 - 85 mm. The body consists of a cephalothorax coated with chitin and of an abdomen divided into 12 segments.

Most genera are currently placed in four recognised subfamilies:

Auth.: Pocock, 1899 - Etienneus Heurtault, 1984 - Hypoctonus Thorell, 1888 - Labochirus Pocock, 1894 - Thelyphonellus Pocock, 1894 - Ravilops Viquez & de Armas, 2005

Auth.: Speijer, 1933 - Mastigoproctus Pocock, 1894 - Mayacentrum Viquez & de Armas, 2006 - Mimoscorpius Pocock, 1894 - Uroproctus Pocock, 1894 - Valeriophonus Viquez & de Armas, 2005

Auth.: Lucas, 1835 - Abaliella Strand, 1928 - Chajnus Speijer, 1936 - Ginosigma Speijer, 1936 - Glyptogluteus Rowland, 1973 - Minbosius Speijer, 1936 - Tetrabalius Thorell, 1888 - Thelyphonoides - monotypic Thelyphonoides panayensis Krehenwinkel, Curio, Tacud & Haupt, 2009 - Thelyphonus Latreille, 1802 - †Mesothelyphonus Cai and Huang, 2017 (Burmese amber, Cenomanian)

Auth.: Rowland & Cooke, 1973 - Typopeltis Pocock, 1894

- †Mesoproctus Dunlop, 1998 (Crato Formation, Aptian)