Hyles gallii, the bedstraw hawk-moth or galium sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by S. A. von Rottemburg in 1775.

DNA testing resulted into the following relationships among the Palaearctic widespread species of the genus Hyles:

- Hyles dahlii (Geyer, 1827)
- Hyles euphorbiae (Linnaeus, 1758) - spurge hawk-moth
- Hyles livornica (Esper, 1779) - lined sphinx
- Hyles nicaea (de Prunner, 1798)
- Hyles tithymali (Boisduval, 1832)

Similar species

Hyles gallii is present in North America, in Europe to the Arctic Circle, in Central Asia and in Japan.

Distribution

Hyles gallii have a wingspan reaching 55 to 80 mm. In appearance, this species is very similar to Hyles euphorbiae. However, in H. gallii the red of the hindwings is not so extensive and the olive-colored band on the forewings is not interrupted.

 The Bedstraw Hawk-Moth - Fore wings olive brown, with a broad, irregular, whitish stripe along the middle; hind wings black at the base; then a broad pinkish-white band, quite white near the body, and bright pink about the middle; then a distinct black band, and then a grey margin; thorax and body olive-brown, a white line on each side of the thorax just at the base of the wings; this line runs on each side along the head just above the eye; sides of the body with black and whitish spots.
 The caterpillar is smooth, bluish-green above, inclining to pink beneath, sometimes brown and sometimes black, but always having a pale, almost yellow, line down the middle of the back, and a row of ten conspicuous eye-like yellow spots, on each side; the head is green, brown, or black, according to the colour of the caterpillar, but the horn above the tail is invariably red. …The chrysalis is brown, and is found in the sand. The caterpillar feeds in August and September, and the Moth appears about Midsummer.


- The following information was taken from the public-domain The Illustrated Natural History of British Moths (1869) by Edward Newman.

Description

These moths can be encountered at dusk feeding on flowers, but they are active by night up to the day light. The flight period extends from May to October usually in one generation, but in good years there can be a second generation.
 The larva can reach a length of 70 to 80 millimeters and are variable. A variant is olive green with yellow spots. Another version is black with yellow spots and a red head. The colour of the larva darkens before pupation. They feed on fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium, Epilobium montanum), on bedstraw (Galium verum and Galium mollugo) and various other plants (Clarkia, Fuchsia, Circaea, Plantago major, etc.). They can be found from July to September.

Biology

Hyles gallii, commonly known as the Bedstraw Hawkmoth, is considered a garden pest because its larvae feed on various garden plants, including vegetables and ornamental flowers, causing damage to the foliage and potentially reducing the overall health and productivity of the plants.

garden pest

Hyles gallii is considered a crop pest because its larvae feed on various crops, including vegetables and ornamental plants, leading to significant damage to the foliage and potentially reducing crop yields.

crop pest

Hyles gallii is considered a pest because its larvae feed on garden plants and crops, causing damage to the foliage and potentially reducing the overall health and productivity of the plants.

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