Lygaeus equestris, common name Black-and-Red-bug, is a species of ground bugs belonging to the family Lygaeidae, subfamily Lygaeinae.

These bugs can reach about 11 to 12 millimetres (0.43 to 0.47 in) in length. They have a characteristic red-black pattern, fully developed wings and long, powerful legs. The hemelytra have two transverse bands that reach the margin and a round white spot on the membrane. Scutellum is without bristles but with tiny hairs. The black band close to the eye is wider than the same.
This species is very difficult to differentiate from Lygaeus simulans, that has a scutellum with long bristles, antennae with angulous tubercles and a larger red area on the head.
The red-black pattern has a deterrent effect and serves to protect the insect (Mullerian mimicry or Batesian mimicry). By storing the toxic ingredients of their food plants, they are unpalatable to potential predators.

Description

The nymphs and the imagos feed on juices of various plants, particularly milkweed (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria), Taraxacum species,  Spring pheasant's eye (Adonis vernalis) and sometimes also on dandelions. Adults overwinter.

Biology

It is mainly present in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. It inhabits lawns,  forests clearings and scrubs, generally in warm calcareous areas.

Distribution and habitat

Lygaeus equestris can be considered garden pests because they feed on a variety of plants, including vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants, causing damage to the foliage and fruits, which can negatively impact the overall health and appearance of the garden.

garden pest

Lygaeus equestris can be considered crop pests because they have been known to feed on various crops, including grains, legumes, and vegetables, causing damage to the plants and reducing crop yields.

crop pest

Lygaeus equestris are considered pests because they feed on a wide range of plants, including garden vegetables, flowers, and crops, causing damage to the foliage and fruits, which can negatively impact the overall health and productivity of gardens and agricultural fields.

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