Megachile sculpturalis, known as the giant resin bee and sculptured resin bee, is a species of leafcutting bees belonging to the family Megachilidae.

Native to Japan and China, it has been introduced to the Eastern United States and Ontario, Canada in recent times,. First established in the United States during the early 1990s, records currently exist from most states east of the Mississippi River. It was also recently introduced to Europe in 2009.

Distribution

Megachile sculpturalis can reach a body length of about 19–22 mm (0.75–0.87 in) in males, while females usually are larger than males, reaching about 21–25 mm (0.83–0.98 in). It is much bigger than most other leafcutting bees. The body is cylindrical, jaws are large and wings are transparent, with a brown color that darkens toward the tips. Head and abdomen are mainly black, the abdomen is rather shiny and without hairs, while thorax is covered with dense yellowish-brown pubescence. In males the abdomen is truncated and squared, while in the females it is almost tapered, and pointed. The female has four dentate mandibles.

Description

In the United States, these resin bees occur in nests of Xylocopa spp., often around wooden structures such as doors, decks and porches.

Habitat

Adults can be found from June to-September. These solitary bees are known to make during the summer their nests in available holes found in wooden structures or in small crevices between wood boards and often they use cavities belonging to carpenter bees. They do not bore holes into wood. Their individual cells are constructed using wood particles and mud. They provide each cell with pollen carried on the underside of their hairy abdomen. Then they lay in each cell a single egg. Females also use their large jaws to collect resin (hence the common name), used to cap the brood cells. The larvae overwinter inside the cells, consuming the pollen. In spring they pupate and emerge as an adult in early summer.The main recorded host plants are Lathyrus latifolius and  Sophora japonica (Fabaceae), Pycnanthemum species (Lamiaceae), Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae), Koelreuteria paniculata (Sapindaceae) and  Buddleia species (Scrophulariaceae).

Biology

harmful

Megachile sculpturalis, also known as the giant resin bee, is considered a tree pest because it constructs its nests by drilling into trees, causing damage to the wood and potentially weakening the tree's structure.

tree pest

Megachile sculpturalis can be considered garden pests because they may construct their nests in garden structures, such as wooden fences or sheds, leading to potential damage and weakening of these structures. Additionally, their nesting behavior can result in unsightly holes in wooden garden furniture or other wooden objects.

garden pest

Megachile sculpturalis can be considered crop pests because they have been observed to visit and potentially damage certain crops, such as raspberries and blackberries, by chewing on the leaves and flowers, which can impact the overall health and productivity of the plants.

crop pest

Megachile sculpturalis is considered a pest because it damages trees by drilling into them to construct its nests, causing potential harm to the tree's structure. Additionally, it can be a garden and crop pest as it may damage wooden structures and chew on the leaves and flowers of certain crops, impacting their health and productivity.

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Is the giant resin bee harmful to humans?

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