Spilostethus pandurus is a species of "seed bugs" belonging to the family Lygaeidae, subfamily Lygaeinae.

The species was described in 1763 by Scopoli in his "Entomologica carniolica" with locus typicus from the area around Ljubljana. Scopoli does not mention the etymology of the species name but may have named it for the Panduri infantry unit of the Habsburg Monarchy.

Etymology

This species can be found in the Euro-mediterranean-Turaniaan Region, with a more southern distribution than Spilostethus saxatilis.
It is present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Israel, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Lebanon, in the Afrotropical realm. and in the southern Asia to India and China.

Distribution

Spilostethus pandurus can reach a length of 13–15 millimetres (0.51–0.59 in). Body shows a red-black coloration with a white spot in the center of the membrane.
Two wavy, broad, black, longitudinal stripes run from the front to the rear edge of the pronotum. Scutellum is black, sometimes with a small red spot at the end.The nymphs are bright red, with black markings.
These bugs have two dorsolateral prothoracic glands capable of secreting substances repugnant to predators.

Description

These polyphagous bugs feed on flowers and seeds of many plants. They preferentially feed on the plants of the family Apocynaceae. In Europe, they are present on various toxic plants such as jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) and oleander (Nerium oleander).
They can cause serious damage to the crops of Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae) and to Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae).
It can also attack sorghum crops (Sorghum bicolor), Eleusine coracana, Pennisetum americanum, Phaseolus mungo, Arachis hypogaea, Lycopersicum esculentum, tobacco, sunflowers etc.

Biology

harmful

bite

Spilostethus pandurus are considered tree pests because they feed on the sap of various tree species, causing damage to the foliage and potentially weakening the overall health of the trees.

tree pest

Spilostethus pandurus can be considered garden pests because they have a tendency to feed on the sap of garden plants, causing damage to the foliage and potentially affecting the overall health and appearance of the plants.

garden pest

Spilostethus pandurus can be considered crop pests because they have been known to feed on the sap of various crop plants, causing damage to the foliage and potentially reducing crop yield and quality.

crop pest

Spilostethus pandurus are considered pests because they feed on the sap of trees, garden plants, and crops, causing damage to the foliage and potentially impacting the health and productivity of these plants.

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