Melolontha is a genus of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. The European junebuggybugs belong to this genus.

Linnaeus called the European cockchafer Scarabaeus melolontha. Étienne Louis Geoffroy used Melolontha as a genus name (1762), but his book has been suppressed by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature, and the authority for the name is the later (1775) publication by Johan Christian Fabricius.

The following is a list of species within the genus Melolontha: Melolontha aceris Faldermann, 1835 Melolontha afflicta Ballion, 1870 Melolontha albida Frivaldszky, 1835 Melolontha anita Reitter, 1902 Melolontha argus Burmeister 1855 Melolontha bifurcata (Brenske, 1896) Melolontha chinensis (Guerin, 1838) Melolontha ciliciensis Petrovitz Melolontha flabellata Sharp, 1876 Melolontha frater Arrow, 1913 – Indonesia Melolontha fuscotestacea Kraatz, 1887 Melolontha guttigera Sharp, 1876 Melolontha hippocastani Fabricius, 1801 – European forest cockchafer Melolontha incana Motschulsky, 1853 Melolontha insulana Burmeister, 1939 Melolontha japonica Burmeister, 1855 Melolontha kraatzi Reitter 1906 Melolontha melolontha (Linnaeus, 1758) – common European cockchafer Melolontha papposa Illiger, 1803 Melolontha pectoralis Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1812 – European large cockchafer Melolontha rubiginosa Melolontha rufocrassa Fairmaire, 1889 Melolontha satsumaenis Niijima & Kinoshita Melolontha virescens (Brenske, 1896)